JUSTIFICATION OF THE VALIDITY OF KNOWLEDGE IN THE LIGHT OF SCIENTIFIC PLURALISM: METHODOLOGICAL ASPECT

Abstract

The development of natural science, first of all quantum mechanics (the principle of correspondence, the principle of complementarity), leads to the idea that the invasion of the subject is inevitable, that the structure of knowledge must include its history. Indeed, cognitive thinking, including in its scientific form, always takes place in any era, but it is not always dominant. We observe this in the 20th century. Over time, classical science gives way to nonclassical science, which gains more and more space in consciousness. But these are two types of scientific thinking that have the same right to exist. The scientific revolution of the 20th century did not destroy previous knowledge and methods of obtaining it, leaving classical science intact, while post-non-classical science is formed taking into account the assets of non-classical science, along with it. Hence the problem of pluralism in science, in the types of scientific rationality. Also, in connection with attracting attention to the subject pole of knowledge, the concept of the sociality of science is significantly transformed, it is no longer understood as the action of external factors, but as a cultural context, as a dialogic communication of fundamental scientific theories-paradigms, as a social structure of science, a totality social relations within the scientific community. The border between the social and the logical ceases to be the border between science and non-science, it moves already into the sphere of science itself, moreover, into the limits of scientific knowledge.